List of state leaders in 1678

1677 state leaders - Events of 1678 - 1679 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Bamun - Koutou, Sultan of Bamun (1672–1757)
• Dahomey - Houegbadja, King of Dahomey (1645–1685)
• Ethiopia - Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (1667–1682)

Asia

• China (Qing Dynasty) - Kangxi, Emperor of China (1662–1722)
• Japan -
  • Monarch - Reigen, Emperor of Japan (1663–1687)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Ietsuna, Shogun of Japan (1651–1680)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tei, King of Ryūkyū (1669–1709)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Sukjong, King of Joseon (1674–1720)
• Mughal Empire - Aurangzeb, Emperor of the Mughal Empire (1658-1707)
• Mysore - Chikka Devaraja, King of Mysore (1673–1704)
• Sirmur - Budh Prakash, Raja of Sirmur (1664-1684)
• Sintang - Sri Paduka Sultan Muhammad Shams ud-din Sa'id ul-Khairiwaddien Sultan Nata, Sultan of Sintang (1672–1738)
• Taiwan (Dongning) - Zheng Jing, Ruler of Dongning (1662–1681)

Europe

• Denmark–Norway - Christian V, King of Denmark (1670–1699)
• England - Charles II, King of England (1660–1685)
• France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
• Holy Roman Empire - Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658–1705)
• Electors
  • Bavaria - Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (1651–1679)
  • Bohemia - Leopold I, King of Bohemia (1657–1705)
  • Brandenburg - Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, 1640–1688
  • Cologne - Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, (1650–1688)
  • Mainz - Damian Hartrad von der Leyen, (1675–1678)
  • Saxony - John George II, Elector of Saxony, (1656–1680)
  • Trier - Johann Hugo von Orsbeck, (1676–1711)
• Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire
  • Sultan - Mehmet IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
  • Grand vizier - Kara Mustafa Pasha (1676–1683)
• Papal States - Pope Innocent XI, Pope (1676-1689)
• Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1674–1696)
• Portugal - Pedro II, King of Portugal (1667–1706)
• Russia - Feodor III, Tsar of Russia (1676–1682)
• Savoy - Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (1675–1730)
• Scotland - Charles II, King of Scotland (1660–1685)
• Spain - Charles II, King of Spain (1665–1700)
• Tuscany - Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1670–1723)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - Prince William III of Orange, Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1672–1702)
    • Holland - Grand Pensionary Gaspar Fagel of Holland (1672–1688)

Middle East and North Africa

• Morocco - Al-Harrani, Abu'l Abbas Ahmad I, and Ismail, Joint Sultan of Morocco (1672–1684)
• Safavid Empire -
  1. Suleiman I Shah of Iran (1666–1694)